Texas Book Publishers
Texas City Disaster
Author: sdsv
Ships
The Grandcamp was a recently re-activated 437-foot-long (133 m) Liberty ship. Originally christened the SS Benjamin R. Curtis in Los Angeles in 1942, the ship served in the Pacific theatre and was mothballed in Philadelphia after World War II. In a Cold War gesture, the ship was assigned to the French Line to assist in the rebuilding of Europe. Along with ammonium nitrate very common cargo on the high seast was carrying small arms ammunition, machinery, and on the deck bales of sisal twine. The SS High Flyer was another ship in the harbor, about 600 feet (200 m) away from the SS Grandcamp. The High Flyer contained an additional 961 tons of ammonium nitrate and 3,600,000 pounds (1,800 tons) of sulfur. The ammonium nitrate in the two ships and in the adjacent warehouse was fertilizer on its way to farmers in Europe. The Grandcamp had arrived from Houston, Texas, where the port authority did not permit loading of ammonium nitrate.
Explosions
The 32.5% ammonium nitrate, used as fertilizer and in high explosives, was manufactured in Nebraska and Iowa and shipped to Texas City by rail before being loaded on the Grandcamp.
It was manufactured in a patented explosives process, mixed with clay, petrolatum, rosin and paraffin to avoid moisture caking. It was also packaged in paper sacks, then transported and stored at temperatures that increased its chemical activity. Longshoremen reported the bags were warm to the touch prior to loading.
Around 08:10, smoke was spotted in the cargo hold of the Grandcamp. Attempts at control failed as a red glow returned after each effort.
Shortly before 9:00 AM, the Captain ordered his men to steam the hold, a firefighting method where steam is piped in to put out fires in the hope of preserving the cargo. Meanwhile, the fire had attracted a crowd of spectators along the shoreline, who believed they were a safe distance away. Spectators noted that the water around the ship was already boiling from the heat, an indication of runaway chemical reactions. The cargo hold and deck began to bulge as the forces increased inside.
At 09:12, the ammonium nitrate reached an explosive threshold and the vessel then detonated, causing great destruction and damage throughout the port. The tremendous blast sent a 15-foot (4.5 m) wave that was detectable over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of the Texas shoreline. The blast leveled nearly 1,000 buildings on land. The Grandcamp explosion destroyed the Monsanto Chemical Company plant and resulted in ignition of refineries and chemical tanks on the waterfront. Falling bales of burning twine added to the damage while the Grandcamp’s anchor was hurled across the city. Sightseeing airplanes flying nearby had their wings sheared off , forcing them out of the sky. Ten miles away, people in Galveston were forced to their knees; windows were shattered in Houston, Texas, 40 miles (60 km) away. People felt the shock 250 miles (400 km) away in Louisiana. The explosion blew almost 6,350 tons of the ship’s steel into the air, some at supersonic speed. Official casualty estimates came to a total of 567, but many victims were burned to ashes or literally blown to bits, and the official total is believed to be an underestimate. The entire volunteer fire department of Texas City was killed in the initial explosion, and with the fires raging, first responders from other areas were initially unable to reach the site of the disaster.
The first explosion ignited ammonium nitrate cargo in the High Flyer. The crews spent hours attempting to cut the High Flyer free from its anchor and other obstacles, but without success. After smoke had been pouring out of its hold for over five hours, and about fifteen hours after the explosions aboard the Grandcamp, the High Flyer blew up demolishing the nearby SS Wilson B. Keene, killing at least two more people and increasing the damage to the port and other ships with more shrapnel and fire.
Scale of the disaster
One of Grandcamp’s anchors in Texas City Memorial Park
The Texas City Disaster is generally considered the worst industrial accident in American history. Witnesses compared the scene to the fairly recent images of the 1943 Air Raid on Bari and the much larger devastation at Nagasaki. The official death toll was 581. Of the dead, 405 were identified and 63 have never been identified. These 63 were placed in a memorial cemetery in the north part of Texas City near Moses Lake. A remaining 113 people were classified as missing, for no identifiable parts were ever found. This figure includes firefighters who were aboard Grandcamp when it exploded. There is some speculation that there may have been hundreds more killed but uncounted, including visiting seamen, non-census laborers and their families, and an untold number of travelers. However, there were some survivors as close as 70 feet (21 m) from the dock. The victims’ bodies quickly filled the local morgue, and several bodies were laid out in the local high school’s gymnasium for identification by loved ones.
Over 5,000 people were injured, with 1,784 admitted to twenty-one area hospitals. More than 500 homes were destroyed and hundreds damaged, leaving 2,000 homeless. The seaport was destroyed and many businesses were flattened or burned. Over 1,100 vehicles were damaged and 362 freight cars were obliteratedhe property damage was estimated at 0 million.
A 2 ton anchor of Grandcamp was hurled 1.62 miles (2.61 km) and found in a 10-foot (3 m) crater. It now rests in a memorial park. The other main 5 ton anchor was hurled 1/2 mile (800 m) to the entrance of the Texas City Dike, and rests on a Texas shaped memorial at the entrance. Burning wreckage ignited everything within miles, including dozens of oil storage tanks and chemical tanks. The nearby city of Galveston, Texas, was covered with an oily fog which left deposits over every exposed outdoor surface.
Firefighting casualties
Firefighters Memorial
Some of the deaths and damage in Texas City were due to the destruction and subsequent burning of several chemical plants (including Monsanto and Union Carbide), oil storage, and other facilities near the explosions. Twenty-seven of the twenty-eight members of Texas City’s volunteer fire department and three members of the Texas City Heights Volunteer Fire Department were killed after an attempt to extinguish the fire on the first ship in what was one of the worst 20th century firefighter tragedies. More firefighters died at one time than had ever died in any previous fire in the nation.[citation needed] One firefighter, Fred Dowdy, who had not responded to the initial call, coordinated other firefighters arriving from communities up to 60 miles (100 km) away. Eventually two hundred firefighters arrived, from as far away as Los Angeles. Fires resulting from the cataclysmic events were still burning a week after the disaster, and the process of body recovery took nearly a month. All four fire engines of Texas City were twisted and burned hulks.
A positive result of the Texas City disaster was widespread disaster response planning to help organize plant, local, and regional responses to emergencies.
Reactions and rebuilding
The disaster gained attention from the national media. Offers of assistance came in from all over the country. Several funds were established to handle donations, particularly the Texas City Relief Fund, created by the city’s mayor Curtis Trahan. One of the largest fundraising efforts for the city and the victims of the disaster was organized by Sam Maceo, one of the two brothers who ran organized crime in Galveston at the time. Maceo organized a large-scale benefit on the island featuring some of the most famous entertainers of the time including Phil Harris, Frank Sinatra, and Ann Sheridan. In the end the Texas City Relief Fund raised more than million (.1 million in today’s terms). Payouts for fire insurance claims reached nearly million (.7 million in today’s terms).
Within days after the disaster, major companies that had lost facilities in the explosions announced plans to rebuild in Texas City and even expand their operations. Some companies implemented policies of retaining all of the hourly workers who had previously worked at destroyed facilities with plans to utilize them in the rebuilding. In all the expenditures for industrial reconstruction were estimated to have been approximately 0 million (4 million in today’s terms).
Legal case
Hundred of lawsuits were filed as a result of the disaster. Many of them were combined into Elizabeth Dalehite, et al. v. United States, under the recently enacted Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA). On April 13, 1950, the district court found the United States responsible for a litany of negligent acts of omission and commission by 168 named agencies and their representatives in the manufacture, packaging, and labeling of ammonium nitrate, further compounded by errors in transport, storage, loading, fire prevention, and fire suppression, all of which led to the explosions and the subsequent carnage. On June 10, 1952, the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned this decision, finding that the United States maintained the right to exercise its own “discretion” in vital national matters. The Supreme Court affirmed that decision (346 U.S. 15, June 8, 1953), in a 4-to-3 opinion, noting that the district court had no jurisdiction under the federal statute to find the U.S. government liable for “negligent planning decisions” which were properly delegated to various departments and agencies. In short, the FTCA clearly exempts “failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty”, and the Court found that all of the alleged acts in this case were discretionary in nature.
In a stinging dissent, three justices argued that, under the FTCA, “Congress has defined the tort liability of the Government as analogous to that of a private person,” i.e., when carrying out duties unrelated to governing. In this case, “a policy adopted in the exercise of an immune discretion was carried out carelessly by those in charge of detail,” and that a private person would certainly be held liable for such acts. It should also be noted that a private person is held to a higher standard of care when carrying out “inherently dangerous” acts such as transportation and storage of explosives.
According to Melvin Belli in his book Ready for the Plaintiff! (1956), Congress acted to provide some compensation after the courts refused to do so. The Dalehite decision was eventually “appealed” to Congress, where relief was granted by means of private legislation (Public Law 378, 69 Stat. 707 (1955)). When the last claim had been processed in 1957, 1,394 awards, totaling nearly ,000,000, had been made.
See also
Houston portal
Ammonium nitrate disasters
Halifax Explosion
Notes
^ a b Texas City, Texas Disaster
^ Stephens (1997), p.100.
^ “Pyrotechnics, Explosives, & Fireworks”. Greg Goebel / Advameg, Inc.. http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/ttpyro.html.
^ No. 1138: The Texas City Disaster
^ This Day in History: Fertilizer explosion kills 581 in Texas
^ a b c d Stephens (1997), p. 104105.
^ McComb, David G. (2000). Galveston: a history and a guide. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 176. ISBN 0292720491. http://books.google.com/books?id=mecTAAAAYAAJ.
Minutaglio, Bill (2003). City on Fire: The Explosion That Devastated a Texas Town and Ignited a Historic Legal Battle. Harper. p. 201. ISBN 978-0060959913. http://books.google.com/books?id=gO127UoMcmQC.
^ Belli (1965), pp. 8385
References
Belli, melvin (1965). Ready for the Plaintiff!. Popular Library. http://books.google.com/books?id=xccJQAAACAAJ.
Minutaglio, Bill (2003). City on Fire. Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-018541-4.
Stephens, Hugh W. (1997). The Texas City disaster, 1947. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. http://books.google.com/books?id=GCK4l6YaiwcC.
Texas City, Texas, Disaster, April 16, 17, 1947. Dallas: Fire Prevention and Engineering Bureau of Texas; The National Board of Fire Underwriters. 1947. http://www.local1259iaff.org/report.htm.
Coordinates: 292239 945329 / 29.3775N 94.89139W / 29.3775; -94.89139
External links
1947 Texas City Disaster Web Exhibit from the Moore Memorial Public Library in Texas City
Headline, NY Times, April 17, 1947, Blasts and Fires Wreck Texas City of 15,000; 300 to 1,200 Dead; Thousands Hurt, Homeless; Wide Coast Area Rocked, Damage in Millions
Texas City Disaster, 1947 photographs from the Moore Memorial Public Library, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
Handbook of Texas entry
The Explosion 50 Years Later, Texas City Still Remembers
Details and photos of local destruction
Supreme Court opinion, Dalehite v. U.S., 1953
Report of the US Coast Guard
Joint report of Fire Preventions and Engineering Board of Texas & the National Board of Fire Underwriters
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Categories: Accidental explosion disasters in the United States | 1947 disasters | 1947 in the United States | Disasters in Texas | Fires in Texas | Law of negligence | 20th-century explosionsHidden categories: Articles that may contain original research from September 2007 | All articles that may contain original research | Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2010 | All articles lacking in-text citations | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008
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I have read this before about Texan plans to do this. If it is true and having lived in Texas myself I have no reason to doubt truth of the report.
Public schools supported by our tax dollars are not allowed to push religious dogma and this is what religious right belief is about. Therefore, based upon Amendment 1 in government not promoting one religion over the another they will only spend money on books not educating children. Not to mention the court challenges that will result in such narrow understanding of history.
I would check out chapteread.com – it’s a writing site and they explain everything – there is a link called the “publishing process” and it’s at the top of the site — can’t miss it!
I really wouldn’t worry about it. If it isn’t in XBox or on another of the various game platforms in use now 90% of the kids in the US won’t be able to tell you word one of what they read.
For a FREE packet containing the Texas State Travel Guide, Texas Accommodations Guide, and Texas Official Travel Map, call 800-8888-TEX (839) in the US and Canada, or to order online, click on the Order Form button below, select the country you are coming from, and fill out our quick and easy order form. For travel assistance, call 800-452-9292.
If you visit a Borders store, they have an in-house website where they can look for out-of-print books and ship them to the store for pick up. They can even find first editions.
Sorry; I’m going to be long winded, but only because I am in publishing, and there are things you need to do before you even consider sending a manuscript to a publisher (FYI: Location is often irrelevant). It’s a long and involved process to get a book published, but you can go through the current Writer’s Market to get an idea. The thing I tell people is to take a look at the books that is most like the book you are writing, then go to the copyright pages and make note of the publisher’s information. You can review their submissions guidelines on their websites, but just to warn you, most of the major houses do not accept unsolicited manuscripts. I know that the publishing house I work for does not, and I freelance copyedit/proofread for other houses, and I know that they don’t either. I’d strongly suggest getting an agent (you’ll have to pay them a fee), but when and if a house solicits for manuscripts, literary agencies, like Writers House, are the ones they turn to.
Most houses ask for a few sample chapters, and then a synopsis. You’ll have to include a SASE with your submission so that the house can mail you a response. Expect some lag time between the time you send something out till the time you hear from a house. Editors are swamped, and submissions are usually read by editorial assistants who pull out the ones that they think their bosses may like. If an editor likes what you’ve sent them, they’ll ask for the full manuscript, and if they like THAT and decide to acquire your text, then you get to the good stuff, like signing a contract and figuring out your rights (as in rights for media, offering your book the UK, etc.). If you decide NOT to go with an agent, then I’d suggest you have a lawyer who specializes in these types of things to review your contract for you.
I would encourage you to try paperback imprints, which DO publish original works. It’s a good way in, and paperback editors are far more forgiving than hardcover ones. Once you build yourself up in paperback, you can switch to hardcover, like one of my authors did. The money isn’t fabulous for paperback authors, but the potential to move to hardcover is great, if the manuscript is right. It’s what happened with one of my hardcover authors; she was a paperback author, wrote the right manuscript, moved to hardcover, and was a National Book Award finalist.
I strongly suggest you have someone edit your manuscript prior to submission. Make sure you have your spelling checked (grammar fixes would be helpful but not necessary; that’s what the copyeditor is for!). Most, if not all, of the major houses use The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, as a reference for grammar and style usages; Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, for spellings.
I hope this helps, and best of luck to you!
I am amazed that folks are just now becoming aware of the Texas phenomenon in the world of textbook publishing. I’ve known since I was in high school (and that, admittedly, was a while ago) that because of the size of Texas, and the number of school districts within its border, and the number of students in those school districts, textbook publishers looked first to Texas to see what standards and requirements would be applied. Because Texas is so large, it has ruled the publishing world for decades. The publishers create one text to meet the standards of Texas, and only one text. That text is then marketed as the only tezxt available from that publisher on that subject, to every other state in the Union. This is why, for years, evolution is referred to in those texts as “only a theory,” and creationism or so-called intelligent design has been given space in those textbooks and a pseudo-credibility which it does not deserve. Those same standards have devalued the ideas of climate change, and have disparaged other nations and faith traditions and promoted corporate America over the “godless government” of America. They’ve been (mis)informing generations of American students, who are graduated from high school and suddenly find an entirely different set of facts when they enter college. By then, the damage is largely done, and colleges must struggle to re-educate the unfortunate graduates. Those who never go to college likely never realize the scope of their victimization. The rigid control of textbooks, and the subsequent limitations placed on education, is an American nightmare, and more of a “fundamentalist Christian” “Taliban” dream. “Conservatives” are perpetuating their flawed and discredited ideas in the name of “Christianity” in the minds of children who have no options for their education. The Texas school board is responsible for the outcome of elections, for the conduct of international diplomacy, for the conduct of war, by virtue of their control of the flow of credible information. It is criminal, and it must be rejected. I genuinely fear that it may be too late, because our court systems, which could apply the brakes, have been so corrupted by the last 30 years of “conservative” judicial appointees. It makes me both sad and mad.
If I can’t tell you it’s impossible for this to be published, I’ll just have to be more creative. How about “as likely as Lord Lucan winning next year’s Grand National while riding Shergar”?
If you know this book needs more work, you’re wasting everybody’s time posting it here. Fix the mistakes you know about, and then post it again.
It’s not impossible for someone to be published at your age. People younger than you have done it. They did it by writing a book that a publisher thought people would pay to read. From what you’ve posted here, yours is not (yet) one of those books.
Here is a rather comprehensive list of many of the theatre/musical publishing houses. Some of the more recognizable names are Music Theatre International, Samuel French Inc., and Dramatists Play Service Inc. Contacting these people about your play should not necessarily be your first step, however. If you don’t have an agent representing you, it would be like an actor blindly sending headshots in to acting agencies. If at all possible, you should talk with you know from your previous writing attempts and try to network through them. You should also try and make sure that before you send anything out to anyone that you copyright all original material. Publishing houses, or anyone really, may see your script/music and turn it away but later on, produce something very similar to what you’ve produced. Another way to get your script published would be to enter it into a playwriting competition. Often the reward for these events are a chunk of money and free publishing. Visit:http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Writers_Resources/Playwriting/Contests/ for a list of playwriting contests that offer publishing or do a search for Playwriting Contests on a search engine. You can also try to contact several professional children’s theatres in your region to see if they have any connections as far as local or national publishing. It might also be a good connection for you in the future, and you could have your play produced there.
Did you contact the company about their return policy yet? That’s the first place you should go, not Yahoo.
Where can I find a genealogical book titled “Listen to the Bell”, by Mary R. Ingham?
Author’s name is Mary Richeson Ingham and the publisher is Brock Printing, Texas . The date is 1979.
I am looking for a publisher. I am writing a book and want a legit publisher, or If anyone can help me ?
If anyone knows a publisher or how I can contact someone in that field. I live in East texas, not far from Dallas,,,Thanks
Err, know any good publishers?
I just recently finished my book, called Vent de Sang, but.. I’m new to.. that. I mean, I need to find a publisher, since this is the first full-out novel I’ve written, with one hundred thirty-one pages and 71,731 words.
I live in Texas, if that helps..
I tried finding some teen-book publishers on Google, but failed. So yeah. You couldn’t consider the novel to be a children’s book, unless you have a mature pre-teen.. it has some graphic fighting, and.. a lot of gore, quite frankly.
So yeah. Help?
Does anyone know if they still make the big Texas guide books and where I can get one?
It was more in the form of a magazine, but quite thick. It was filled with most every city and their attractions, things to see/things to do, population, area lakes, general info, etc.
Or if you happen to have one of the older ones, could you give me the official name and publisher/distributor?
Thanks!
Where should I submit a children’s musical for publishing?
I am writing some plays/musicals regarding regional history of the Texas Panhandle and surrounding areas. What types of publishers should I look for? I have written several children’s books with little success, but this is an unfamiliar venue for me. All of the musical numbers in the play are either my own original composition or public domain folk songs. Thanks in advance for responses!
What is your opinion of Texas trying to rewrite history?
The Texas State Board of Education traditionally has tremendous power in determining the content of textbooks not only for Texas students but for students across the U.S. Texas reviews and adapts textbook standards for the major subjects every six years, and because of the size of the state’s market, textbook publishers often print books consistent with the Texas standards. However, the Texas State Board of Education is an elected body currently dominated by the Religious Right and intent on rewriting textbooks according to a right-wing world view and revisionist history.
They want to push extremists (as great persons in American history) such as Phyllis Schlafly and Glenn Beck, Newt Gingrich.
JJH: The national right-wing movement to rewrite history is not new. But it has clearly intensified based on the actions of some leaders on the Right in recent weeks. Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell recently declared April “Confederate History Month” without any mention of slavery, and then defended the move by saying slavery was not “significant” enough. Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour backed up that sentiment and downplayed the historical importance of slavery. And in the last two weeks, one of the most influential right-wing voices in the country, Glenn Beck, has jumped on board the Revisionist History Express.
Glenn Beck turned an entire recent broadcast of his FOX News show over to David Barton, a long-time leader in pushing extreme right-wing pseudo-history and misinformation about the religious and cultural intent of the nation’s Founders. Barton was instrumental in making many of the initial recommendations taken up by the Texas Board of Education. And Beck has peppered
continued: his recent commentary with statements such as “progressives control the history books” while he delivers his own “history lessons” to his viewers — lessons about how conservative President Warren G. Harding — considered by many historians to be our worst president — was actually great, and Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal policies did not help revive our economy but rather prolonged and worsened the Great Depression.
Don’t Mess With Texas?
As I’m sure many of you know, Texas has taken it upon themselves to “conservatize” the curriculum that is being taught in Texas public schools…this includes things like “emphasizing the Judeo-Christian influences” on our nation and “watering down” separation of church and state. Also, one of the most vile individuals in our history– Sen. McCarthy, who notoriously blacklisted people for “being Communist”–will be put in a “more positive light.”
I’m just wondering…does anyone else think this is absolute bullsh*t? These changes could have nationwide implications–textbook publishers often look at Texas guidelines as the standard to which their books are published. Do we really want millions of kids for 10 years being taught that Sen. McCarthy was some kind of saint?
Cesar Chavez and Thurgood Marshall: Experts appointed by social conservative board members recommended that the labor leader and Supreme Court justice be stricken from the standards, but the board opted to keep them in.
McCarthyism: Social conservatives pushed through an amendment that requires a more positive portrayal of Sen. Joseph McCarthy and his claims that the U.S. government was infiltrated by communists in the 1950s. McCarthy’s tactics have been discredited by most historians.
http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/052110dnedusboeupdate.2671ec55.html
Is the Company I purchased a wrong textbook from illegal?
I bought a textbook for college with the exact title, but it’s the international version. I purchased the book throuch abebooks.com from a company in Texas. On the back of the book it says “If you purchased this book within the US or Canada you should be aware it has been wrongfully imported without the approval of the Publisher or the Author. Not for Sale in the USA or Canada”
What should I do? Help! I want my money back too. It’s the wrong book as well, obviously.
can i publish my book???
now im 13 and im writing a book, and i was an early reader so i’ve been writing for awhile now and it isn’t a childish book he res an extract of it:
“Now mum put the needle down” Said Nadine cautiously trying not to agitate her mother.
“Mum please put the needle down” Repeated Cassidy with a sympathetic look in her smoky eyes. Her mother just looked at them with a blank expression and pressed the needle against the flesh just above her wrist challenging them to stop her. Her eyes were red and she looked like she had been crying for hours, she was in the same baggy sweatshirt and jogging bottoms that she had been in for the past week. Nadine gave Cassidy a knowing glance. Cassidy grabbed her mother’s wrist with a steel grip as Nadine pried the needle out of her mother’s hand. Their mother screamed in anguish as she thrashed about trying to break free from Cassidy’s firm hold, she waved her bottle of whisky in the air threatening to hit either one of the girls. Nadine reacted quickly and took the bottle and placed in down on the coffee table.
“Mum do want to go upstairs” Encouraged Nadine “You can go to sleep for a while” Their mother just looked at them and let them lead her to her bedroom as her head flicked from left to right looking at the both of them. Once Cassidy and Nadine had safely put their mother to sleep they quietly went out the room and whispered by the door.
can you please tell me about any publishers that would be interested in publishing a book from a younger author and btw the book isn’t fully edited yet that’s just the first version. and don’t tell me its impossible because impossible isn’t a word i tend to use. oh and the book is about six sisters who each possess the power to control each of the elemtents and no-one knows about it apart from each of the sisters and the book is basically about how they deal with a druggy/alcoholic mother and how they learn to control and develop their powers. they are english but they moved to texas so its also about starting a new school. thanks 🙂
Why has our children’s History books been white washing Islam ?!! And how long has this been going on ?
‘Texas warns book publishers: ‘No more white-washing Islam’
State board adopts resolution calling for fairness regarding world’s religions’
‘The resolution pointed out grounds for board concerns.
“In one instance, devoting 120 student text lines to Christian beliefs, practices, and holy writings but 248 (more than twice as many) to those of Islam; and dwelling for 27 student text lines on Crusaders’ massacre of Muslims at Jerusalem in 1099 yet censoring Muslims’ massacres of Christians there in 1244 and at Antioch in 1268, implying that Christian brutality and Muslim loss of life are significant but Islamic cruelty and Christian deaths are not.” ‘
http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=207577
Fitz, How many deaths in the New Testament. Except for being martyred for the preaching of the Saving Gospel of Christ.
Christianity does not teach killing with the sword. Not one place in the NT.
7Hit…,
Christians love the TRUTH !
All scripture is written by holy men when moved by the HOLY SPIRIT.
Bible changed? How come the dead sea scrolls reveal the Bible is the same. Elijah is the same & they found a complet Book of Elijah in the dead sea scrolls.
The Jews have the Torah & Prophets !
The Holy Bible is the Torah, Prophets & Gospels by NewTestament Prophets. The rest are letters by NewTestament Prophets. Proven TRUE because they confirm the Torah & Prophets. The Holy Spirit of Pentecost confirming the Holy Bible is His Holy Book.
So it seems that you are a victim of this white washing antichrist deceptions.
So also most of the answerers to my question 🙁 So sad 🙁